Academic Search Engines

Comprehensive directory of academic search engines and research databases. Find scholarly articles, papers, and academic content across all disciplines.

How to Choose the Right Search Engine
Strategic approach to academic searching

1. Start Broad

Begin with Google Scholar for comprehensive coverage, then narrow down to specialized databases.

2. Check Discipline

Use subject-specific databases for deeper coverage in your field of study.

3. Consider Access

Check institutional access for subscription databases, or focus on open access alternatives.

4. Cross-Reference

Use multiple sources to ensure comprehensive coverage and validate your findings.

General Academic Search Engines

Google Scholar
Comprehensive academic search engine by Google
Free

Features

  • Largest academic database
  • Citation tracking
  • Author profiles
  • Institutional access
  • Related articles
  • Legal documents

Subjects

All disciplines

Pros & Cons

Pros:
Comprehensive coverage
Easy to use
Cons:
Quality varies
Limited filtering

Search Tips

Use quotation marks for exact phrases, set up alerts for new papers, check cited by count for impact

Visit Google Scholar
General Academic
PubMed
Medical and life sciences literature database
Free

Features

  • MEDLINE database
  • MeSH terms
  • Advanced filters
  • Clinical queries
  • Similar articles
  • PMC full text

Subjects

Medicine
Biology
Health Sciences

Pros & Cons

Pros:
High quality sources
Peer-reviewed
Cons:
Medical focus only
Complex for beginners

Search Tips

Use MeSH terms for precise searching, apply filters for study types, check PMC for free full text

Visit PubMed
Medical/Life Sciences
IEEE Xplore
Engineering and technology research database
Subscription/Limited Free

Features

  • IEEE publications
  • Conference papers
  • Standards
  • Technical reports
  • Citation analysis
  • Author search

Subjects

Engineering
Computer Science
Technology

Pros & Cons

Pros:
High-quality technical content
Latest research
Cons:
Requires subscription
Limited free access

Search Tips

Use IEEE thesaurus terms, filter by document type, check conference rankings

Visit IEEE Xplore
Engineering/Technology
JSTOR
Academic journals and books archive
Subscription/Limited Free

Features

  • Academic journals
  • Books
  • Primary sources
  • Research reports
  • Data for research
  • Digital collections

Subjects

Humanities
Social Sciences
Arts

Pros & Cons

Pros:
High-quality journals
Historical content
Cons:
Subscription required
Moving wall for recent content

Search Tips

Check for free access through institutions, use subject browsing, explore Data for Research

Visit JSTOR
Humanities/Social Sciences
arXiv
Preprint repository for physics, mathematics, and more
Free

Features

  • Preprint papers
  • LaTeX support
  • Subject classification
  • Author submissions
  • Email alerts
  • RSS feeds

Subjects

Physics
Mathematics
Computer Science
Biology

Pros & Cons

Pros:
Latest research
Free access
Cons:
Not peer-reviewed
STEM focus only

Search Tips

Check for published versions, use subject categories, set up alerts for new submissions

Visit arXiv
STEM Preprints
Semantic Scholar
AI-powered academic search engine
Free

Features

  • AI-powered search
  • Citation analysis
  • Paper summaries
  • Influential citations
  • Author disambiguation
  • PDF reader

Subjects

Computer Science
Medicine
General Sciences

Pros & Cons

Pros:
AI-enhanced results
Good visualizations
Cons:
Limited coverage
Newer platform

Search Tips

Use the AI-generated summaries, check influential citations, explore paper recommendations

Visit Semantic Scholar
AI-Powered Search
CORE
Open access research papers aggregator
Free

Features

  • Open access papers
  • Repository aggregation
  • Full-text search
  • API access
  • Data mining
  • Discovery tools

Subjects

All disciplines with open access content

Pros & Cons

Pros:
All open access
Large collection
Cons:
Quality varies
Limited metadata

Search Tips

Focus on full-text search, check repository sources, use for open access content

Visit CORE
Open Access
BASE
Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
Free

Features

  • Academic web resources
  • OAI-PMH harvesting
  • Multiple languages
  • Institutional repositories
  • Subject browsing
  • Advanced search

Subjects

All disciplines

Pros & Cons

Pros:
Multilingual
Open access focus
Cons:
Complex interface
Variable quality

Search Tips

Use subject browsing, filter by document type, check source repositories

Visit BASE
Open Access

Subject-Specific Databases

Medicine & Health
PubMedVisit
Cochrane LibraryVisit
MEDLINEVisit
EMBASEVisit
Engineering & Technology
IEEE XploreVisit
ACM Digital LibraryVisit
Engineering VillageVisit
InspecVisit
Humanities & Arts
JSTORVisit
Project MUSEVisit
MLA International BibliographyVisit
Oxford Art OnlineVisit
Social Sciences
Web of ScienceVisit
ScopusVisit
PsycINFOVisit
SSRNVisit
Academic Search Best Practices
Maximize your research efficiency with these proven strategies

Search Strategy

Start with Keywords

Begin with 2-3 key terms, then expand or narrow based on results

Use Multiple Databases

Different databases have different coverage and strengths

Check Citations

Follow citation trails to find related and foundational work

Quality Assessment

Peer Review Status

Prioritize peer-reviewed sources for academic credibility

Publication Date

Balance currency with established research in your field

Source Reputation

Consider journal impact factor and publisher reputation

Maximizing Access to Research
Tips for accessing academic content when you don't have institutional access

Open Access Options

  • • Check author's personal websites
  • • Look for preprint versions on arXiv
  • • Use CORE for open access papers
  • • Search institutional repositories

Library Access

  • • Check your local public library
  • • Alumni access to university libraries
  • • Interlibrary loan services
  • • Professional association memberships

Contact Authors

  • • Email authors for copies
  • • Request through ResearchGate
  • • Social media academic networks
  • • Conference networking

Need help with search techniques? Check out our detailed tutorials.